Usually the base which is bolted into a big concrete pad provides the essential support for a tower crane. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane that is affixed to the inside of the building's structure. Often, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear which allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, particularly because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. These parts are then attached to the mast. Next, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machines which is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast part piece.