Lift trucks are used to lift, engage and transport palletized loads within manufacturing, warehousing, material handling, mining and construction applications. There are 3 main types of lift trucks: a manual drive, motorized drive and fork truck. The load movement or travel is powered manually or by walking at the rear of the machine with manual-drive lift trucks.
The motorized forklift models come complete with a motorized drive and in lots of cases have a protected cab or seat in their design in order to keep the operator safe and comfortable. Fork trucks are a different type which are motorized and comprise features like for example backup alarms and cabs. In order to prevent the machine from overturning, several forklifts are counterbalanced. Other models comprise safety rails, a rotating element like a turntable or different types of hand rails.
Important specifications to take into account when choosing lift trucks consist of stroke and lift capacity. Stroke is defined as the difference between the fully-raised and the fully-lowered lift positions. Lift capacity is the maximum, supportable load or forcforce or load. Other specifications for lift trucks comprise their fuel type and tire.
Different fuel options for lift trucks consist of: LP or liquid propane, compressed natural gas or CNG, diesel fuel, propane, gasoline and natural gas. There are 2 basic kinds of tires for operating forklifts and fork trucks: solid and pneumatic. Solid or cushion tires do not puncture and require less maintenance compared to pneumatic tires. The cushion or solid tires do offer less shock absorption overall. Pneumatic or air-inflated tires however offer great drive traction and load-cushioning.
There are 7 classes of lift trucks. The first class of forklifts, Class I, is either stand-up or seated 3 wheeled units which are electric-motor rider trucks. Usually, rider units can have either cushion or pneumatic wheels and are counterbalanced. Class II lift trucks are electric motor units which are used for order picking or stock applications in narrow aisle environments. These kinds of forklifts offer extra reach functions or swing mast.
Class III forklifts are either standing-rider or walk-behind operated electric-motor trucks. Automated pallet lift trucks and high lift models are often counterbalanced units. Class IV lift trucks have cabs and seated controls. These types of forklifts are rider fork trucks with internal combustion or IC engines. Moreover, this class uses cushion or solid tires.
Class V forklifts are rider fork trucks. They have seated controls and cabs, pneumatic tires and internal combustion or IC engines. Like Class IV forklifts, they are normally counterbalanced. Class VI lift trucks are tow tractor lifts that are designed for a sit-down rider. This particular class is supplied with electric or internal combustion or IC engines.
Class VII lift trucks are the last classification and include rough terrain forklifts, that are normally used in construction, logging and agricultural applications. Class VII forklifts include all burden carriers and personnel carriers.