Early Crane Evolution
Over 4000 years ago, early Egyptians made the first recorded version of a crane. The original apparatus was called a shaduf and was first used to transport water. The crane was made out of a long pivoting beam which balanced on a vertical support. On one end a bucket was connected and on the other end of the beam, a heavy weight was connected.
Cranes that were made in the first century were powered by animals or by humans that were moving on a treadmill or a wheel. The crane consisted of a long wooden beam which was known as a boom. The boom was connected to a rotating base. The treadmill or the wheel was a power-driven operation which had a drum with a rope which wrapped around it. This rope also had a hook that carried the weight and was attached to a pulley at the top of the boom.
Within Europe, the huge cathedrals established in the Middle Ages were build utilizing cranes. Cranes were also designed to load and unload ships in key ports. Over time, major developments in crane design evolved. For example, a horizontal boom was added to and became known as the jib. This boom addition allowed cranes to have the ability to pivot, thus greatly increasing the machine's range of motion. After the 16th century, cranes had included two treadmills on each side of a rotating housing which held the boom.
Cranes used animals and humans for power until the mid-19th century. This all changes rapidly when steam engines were developed. At the turn of the century, Internal combustion or IC engines and electric motors emerged. Cranes also became designed out of steel and cast iron rather than wood. The new designs proved more efficient and longer lasting. They can obviously run longer too with their new power sources and thus carry out bigger tasks in less time.